Gas-burner.



- I. W. PIATT.

GAS BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED mm. I0. 1916.

Patented May 28,1918,

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

3. W. PIATT.

GAS BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED Nov, 10. 1916.

' Patented May 28,1918.

2 SHEETSSHEET Z.

JOSEPH W. PIAT'I, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGN'OR T0 L. H. PIATT, OF NEW YORK, Y.

Gas-Rn.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 10, 1916. Serial No. 130,561.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J osErH W. PIA'I'I, a

citizen of the United States, and resident,

of the borough of Manhattan, in the county, city, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas-Burners, of which the. following is a specification. I

- This invention relates to gas burners for heating Ipurposes, and it is the primary object of t e invention to improve the general construction of such burners to reduce the fuel consumption and increase the heating efficiency of the fuel by producing a concentration of the heat and ,a hotter flame temperature.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a burner of this character in which the incoming fuel creates a swirling action of the fuel within the burner and induce the flame to have a circular movement.

to form in connection with the chambers a.

spiral from the intake of the burner to the center thereof. I

A further object of the invention is to provide a burner in which the res ective chambers have a circular outlet or urner port and to so arrange the walls of the chambers that the centrifugal pressures of the fuel due to the swirling movement thereof in the chambers tend to cause the fuel to take a centripetal course and control the gas flame to direct the same to the axis of the burner.

Another object of the invention is to provide a burner of this type having a primary mixing chamber at the intake of the burner and to provide air spaces between the respective chambers of the burner whereby a sec-- ondary mixture takes place at the burne outlet ports.

In the drawin accompanying and forming a part of this specification Figure 1 is a perspective view, looking at the top, of a burner illustrating an embodiment of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of the burner proper.

Fig. 3 is a cross sectlon taken on the hne 3-3 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 4 is a cross section taken on the line 4.4 of Fig. 4; looking in the direction of the arrows. I c

Fig. 5 is a cross section taken'on the line Patented may as, 1918.

55 of Fig.2 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 6 is a cross section taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows; and

Fig. 7 is a cross section takenon the line 77 of Fig. 2.

Similar characters of reference designate like parts throughout the different views of the drawings. I

-In the embodiment of my invention shown in the drawings a burner casing is provided comprising a series of concentric, or inner and outer, circular and intercommunicating chambers 8, 9, and 10, the burner having an intake or fuel inlet 11 leading to the outer chamber 8 ina line tangent to said chamber. The inlet 11 has a mixin chamber 23 connected thereto, said cham r being substantially of double cone shape having air inlets 24 in the cone portion opposite to the burner the size of the openings being controlled by a valve or shutter 25 The chamber 23 has a gas'inlet 26, which may be connected to a source of gas supply. The gas entering through inlet 26 in passing through the chamber 23 draws air through the inlets 24 as usual which commingles and mixes with the gas as it enters into intake 11 to constitute the combustible mixture.

The chamber 9 has intakes 12, 12 from the chamber 8, the walls 13 of which intakes are in arcs of circles eccentric to. the inner wall 14 of chamber 8 and the outer wall 15 of chamber 9, so that said walls 13 of the intakes 12 merge or come to an apex with the inner wall 14-. of the chamber 8. The other walls 16 of the intakes 12 are in arcs of circles eccentric to the outer wall 15 of chamber 9 and the inner wall of chamber 8 and merge or come to an apex with the outer wall 15 of chamber 9.

The chamber 10 has intakes 17 17 from the chamber 9, the walls 19 of which intakes are in arcs of circles eccentric to the inner wall 19 of chamber 9 and the outer, wall 20 of chamber 10 and merge or come to an apex with the inner wall 19 of chamber 9. The other Walls 21 of the intakes 17 to the chamber 10 are in arcs of circles eccentric to the outer wall 20 of chamber 10 and the inner wall 19 of chamber 9 and merge or come to an apex with the outer wall 20 of chamber 10. The inner wall 22 of chamber 10 circular and unbroken with an opening axl ally through the burner for a purposev to be hereinafter described. Y

By this construction the walls of the intakes of the chambers-are parts or arcs of true circles eccentric to, and'formmg tangents at points of juncture with, thermer I and outer walls of the chambers, whereby the walls of the intakes merge'into the walls of adjacent chambers. Furthermore, theline of the walls of the intakes of the chambers-will be found to spring from tangent lines either in the circular line" of the chamgreater width than the top, the side walls of the chambers converging toward the top with the inner surface of such walls merging into the outlet ports of the chambers as clearly shown in Figs. 3 to 7. I

By this construction the incoming fuel through inlet 11 will set up'a swirling action within the chamber 8 creating centrifugaL forces or pressures withinsaid chamber due to the expansion of the gas together with the rectilinear foroe'of injection, which causes the fuel to take a centripetal course with the result that the fuel is directed into and through the intakes 12 of the-chamber 9 wherein a further swirling action takes 7 place and the centrifugal forces set up in said chamber 9 in conjunction with the expansion of the gas and the rectilinear force of injection causes the fuel to take a centripetal course passing through the intakes 17 into the chamber. 10. The creating of this swirling action in the chambers causes the fuel to pass through the chamber ports in a circular movement and the flame to lie down against the burner concentrating the heat with the result that hotter flame. temperatures are produced.

Furthermore, by the construct-ionof the intakes to the respective chambers as' de scribed the burnerpressure is imparted to. the periphery of the fuel mixture in each chamber-inducing the mixture to revolve about the burner center through the chambers. This movement produces centrifugal pressures in the mixture causing it to move with greater velocity at the outer wall of each chamber than at the inner wall, with between the respective chambers 8, 9 and 10 the result that when the fuel passes through the circular burner ports this difference 1n velocity of the fuel causes the flame'to bend or be directed from the vertical toward the axis of the burner or the axis of rotation of the fuel. This produces a convergence in theflame ringsand through centripetal 1 movement, which is considerable greaterthan the centrifugal force in the primary combustion zone, which is adjacent the burner port, greater rotary movement is produced. The burning gas or fuel movingat an increasing velocity combats the speed of the flame propagation with the result that there is a compression of the flameand a higherflame temperature. Theflame-is also prevented from traveling along the gas or fuel supply and the flame-is held to its place at the burner port.-

Air spaces, as shown at 30, are provided .to permit of a circulation of air to serve to coo the burner and to also serve as a secondary supply. In aburner-of'this' type there are two combustion zones, one adjacent the burner port where the ignition'of fuel takes place, and the other at some distance above the burner port. Due to the provision of the air spaces 30 air is. drawn up therethrough, which air during such passage is heated, whereby expansion of the same takes place with the result that the air is more readily taken up by the flame in the upper combustion zone, and due'to the circular movement of the fuel in the chambers centrifugal movement or force predominates in the-upper portion of the secondary combustion zone and the air coming in contact with the flame enables the gas to absorb the final oxygen necessaryfor complete combustion from a comparatively small amount of secondary air thus-reducing dilution of the burning gases by excess secondary air. The centripetal movement of the gas due. to the expansionand rectilinear force of injection thereof and the construction of the walls of the burner chambers induces a flow of primary air through the air inlets of the mixing chamber 23,- and the burning mixture at the circular burner ports induces a secondary flow of air through the air spaces 30 through the swirling rotary movement of the flame, this latter resulting in a compression in both the primary .and secondary combustion zones giving a high flame temperature, and as there is practically no resistance of the velocity of movement of the gas mixture in the chambers this velocity is very high, thereby preventing back'firing and permitting of a wide margin between maximum and minimum gas pressures and consumption.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. A gas burner comprising a series o 136 menace concentric chambers with an outer chamber chambers having outlet orts and intakes to connectedwith a next adjacent inner chamber through ports, the walls of which are in arcs of circles eccentric to the walls of the chambers, and an intake connected with the source of gas supply and the outer of said chambers only for the purpose specified.

2. A gas burner comprisin a series of concentric chambers, a. fuel intake to the outer of said chambers adapted to be connected to a source of fuel supply, intakes to connect one chamber with the next inner adjacent. chamber, said intakes constituting parts of true circles eccentric to the walls of the chambers and meeting the outer and in:

ner walls of adjacent chambers Without intersecting the same, and circular outlet ports for the respective chambers.

3 In agas burner a casing comprising inner and outer intercommunicating chambers with an intake from the source of gas supply to the outer chamber only and the connections between the chambers constructed whereby the linear force of injection and expansion of the gas causes the gas to be directed in a centripetal course from the outer to the inner chambers, and a circular burner port for eachchamber.

4. A gas burner comprising inner and outer interconnected chambers having circular burner ports in the top With an intake connected from the source of gas supply to the outer chamber only and an intake from an outer to the next adjacent inner chamber, the walls of said chambers converging from the bottom to the burner port at the top in cross section and the connections (between the respective chambers constructed Whereby the linear force of injection and expansion of the gas causes the gas to be directed in a centripetal course from the outer to the inner chambers, and to impart rotary movement to the flame at the burner ports and direct the flame in a direction toward the axis of the burner.

5. 'In a gas burner a casing having an in-. take, said casing comprising a series of concentric chambers, intakes to connect a chamber with the next adjacent inner chamber, the walls of said intakes coming within lines of circles eccentric with the outer wall of a chamber and the inner wall of the next adjacent chamber and in line with a spiral from the intake of the casing to the center thereof.

6. In a gas burner a casing having an intake, said casing comprising a series of concentric chambers, intakes to connect a chamber with the next adjacent inner chamber, the side walls of said intakes being in arcs of circles merging with the outer and innerwalls of adjacent chambers and thereby forming a spiral from the intake of the easing to the center thereof; 7

7 In a gas burner, a casing having an intake, sai

take, said casing comprising concentric connect the chambers, sald intakes being arranged to form a spiral from the intake of the burner to the center thereof, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

8. In a (gas burner a casing having an incasing comprising concentric chambers having outlet ports with the side walls of the chamber converging toward said ports, and intakes to the respective chambers and to connect the chambers arranged to form a spiral from the intake of the burner to the center thereof, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

9. In a gas burner a casing having an intake, said casingvcomprising a series of concentric chambers, and intakes to the respective chambers and to connect the chambers arranged to form a spiral from the intake of the burner to the center thereof, and a circular outlet ort for the respective chambers, with the side Walls of the chamber converging toward said ports, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

10. In a gas burner a series of concentric chambers, with one chamber having an intake from the next adjacent outer chamber in a line tangential to the inner chamber; a circular outlet port for each chamber; and

fuel inlet to the outer chamber in a line tangential to said chamber to create a swirl of the fuel in the chambers from the outer to the inner chambers and induce a circular movement of the flame, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

11. In a gas burner a series of concentric and intercommunicating chambers with the walls of the chambers converging from the bottom to the top, and the connection between the chambers being from an outer to the next adjacent inner chamber and in a line tangential to such inner chamber; a circular outlet port in the top of each chamber; and a fuel inlet to the outer chamber in a line tangential to said chamber to create a swirl of the fuel in the chambers from the outer to the inner chambers, and induce a circular movement of the flame and govern the flame after leaving the .burnerwoutlet, iiugstantially as and for the purpose specie 1 12. In a gas burner a series of concentric chambers; outlet ports for the respective chambers; a fuel inlet to the burner leading to the outer chamber in a line tangential thereto; and intakes connecting the respective chambers, the Walls of said intakes being constructed to form in conjunction with the walls of the chambers aspiral from the intake to the center of the burner to create a swirling action of the fuel in the chambers and induce a circular movement of the flame, sfiubstantially as and for the purpose specithe walls of the chambers a spiral from the intake to the center of the burner to create a swirling action of the fuel in the chambers and induce a circular movement of the flame,

and the. walls of the chambers converging, toward the outlet ports to control the flame at the outlet to direct the flame toward the axis of the burner, substantially as and for the purposespecified. I

14. A gas burner comprising a circular casing having a fuel inlet tangentialthereto; a series of concentric circular outlet ports in the casing; and means within the casing to cause the fuel within the casing to set up a swirling action, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

15, A gas burner comprising a circular casing having a fuel inlet tangential thereto; a series of concentric circular outlet ports in the casing; and means within, the casing to cause the fuel within the casing to setup a swirling action and direct the fuel in a centripetal course, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

16. A gas burner comprising a circular casing having a fuel inlet tangentialthereto;

anemia a series of concentric circular outlet jports 1n the casing; means within the casing to cause the fuel within the casing to set up a swirling action; and means todirect the swirling fuel in a centripetal course and direct the ignited fuel at the burner ports in a direction toward the axis of the burner, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

17. A gas burner comprising a circular casing having a fuel inlet tangential thereto;

a' series of concentric circular outlet ports in the casing; and means within the casing to cause'the fuel to set up a swirling action within thecasing and direct the fuel in a centripetal spiral course from the fuel inlet to the center of the burner, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

18. A gas burner comprising a circular casing having a fuel inlet tangential thereto; a series of concentriccircular outlet ports in the casing; and means within the casing to cause the fuel to set up a swirling action within. the casing and direct the fuel in a centripetal spiral course from the fuel inlet to the axis of the burner, and to impart a rotary movement to the flame'at the burner 1 outlets and direct the flame in a direction toward the axis of the burner, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York, .and State of New York, this 28th day of October, A. D. 1916.

v JOSEPH W. PIATT. 

